Well-Being and the Confucian Spiritual Ideal of Joy

Charlene Tan

doi:10.62416/ijwb-70

Yazarlar

Charlene Tan Life University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62416/ijwb-70

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Konfüçyüsçülük- özgerçekleştirici iyi oluş- hazcı iyi oluş- Menciusçu iyi oluş

Özet

Mevcut literatürün incelenmesi, özellikle Doğu Asya spiritüel geleneklerinden hareketle, iyi oluş kavramına yönelik felsefi araştırmaların sınırlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Yu ve ark. (2010) tarafından önerilen felsefi geri kazanım ve felsefi yeniden inşa yöntemi çerçevesinde, bu makale iyi oluşu hâkim kavramsallaştırmaları eleştirerek ve Konfüçyüsçü felsefeden alternatif bir formülasyon önererek yeniden kavramsallaştırmaktadır. İddiam şudur ki, iyi oluşun hazcı (hedonic) ve özgerçekleştirici (eudaimonic) olarak kategorize edilmesi iki temel zayıflığa yol açmıştır. Birincisi, hazcı iyi oluşta olumlu duygulara yapılan vurgu, bireycilik ve kişisel çıkarı öne çıkarmakta, bu da pozitif psikoloji hareketi tarafından daha da teşvik edilmektedir. İkincisi ise, özgerçekleştirici iyi oluşta duyguların rolü ve erdemlerin kendini gerçekleştirmedeki yeri konusundaki belirsizliktir. Bu noktada, Mencius’un neşe idealinden hareketle iyi oluşun Konfüçyüsçü bir yorumunu tasarlıyorum. Argümanım şudur ki, Menciusçu iyi oluş, doğuştan gelen ahlaki duyguların genişletilmesi yoluyla deneyimlenen erdem-yönelimli neşe etrafında şekillenir. İyi oluşu yapay bir şekilde hazcı ve özgerçekleştirici olarak ikiye ayırmak yerine, Mencius her ikisini de uyumlaştırır; hem olumlu duyguları hem de kendini gerçekleştirmeyi kabul eder. Konfüçyüsçü perspektifler, duyguların karakter gelişimindeki birincil rolünü öne çıkararak mevcut literatüre özgün bir iyi oluş yorumunu kazandırmaktadır.

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